Abstract
Failure of a Multi-storeyed reinforced concrete framed structure occurs when a primary vertical structural component is isolated or made fragile, due to artificial or natural hazards. Load carried by vertical component (column) is transferred to neighbouring columns in the structure, if the neighbouring column is incompetent of holding the extra load, this leads to the progressive failure of neighbouring members and finally to the failure of partial or whole structure. The collapsing system frequently seeks alternative load path in order to stay alive. One of the imperative features of collapse is that the final damage is not relative to the initial damage. In this paper, the effect on the column and beam adjacent to statically removed vertical element in terms of axial force, shear force and bending moment is investigated. Using Alternate load path method, numerical modelling of two dimensional one bay, two bay with variation in storey heights are analysed with FE model in order to obtain better understanding of failure mechanism of multi-storeyed reinforced concrete framed structure. The results indicate that the corner column is more susceptible to progressive collapse when compared to middle column, using this simplified methodology one can easily predict how the structure can be made to stay alive in case of sudden failure of any horizontal or vertical structural element before designing.
Key Words
progressive collapse; static linear analysis; multistoried buildings; damage; reinforced concrete framed structure; load distribution
Address
Irfan Ahmed and Tariq Ahmad Sheikh: Department of Civil Engineering, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
P. Gajalakshmi and J. Revathy:Department of Civil Engineering, NIT, Srinigar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Abstract
With improvement in innovative manufacturing technologies, it became possible to fabricate any complex shaped structural design for practical applications. This allows for the fabrication of curvilinearly stiffened pressure vessels and pipes. Compared to straight stiffeners, curvilinear stiffeners have shown to have better structural performance and weight savings under certain loading conditions. In this paper, an optimization framework for designing curvilinearly stiffened composite pressure vessels and pipes is presented. NURBS are utilized to define curvilinear stiffeners over the surface of the pipe. An integrated tool using Python, Rhinoceros 3D, MSC.PATRAN and MSC.NASTRAN is implemented for performing the optimization. Rhinoceros 3D is used for creating the geometry, which later is exported to MSC.PATRAN for finite element model generation. Finally, MSC.NASTRAN is used for structural analysis. A Bi-Level Programming (BLP) optimization technique, consisting of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Gradient-Based Optimization (GBO), is used to find optimal locations of stiffeners, geometric dimensions for stiffener cross-sections and layer thickness for the composite skin. A cylindrical pipe stiffened by orthogonal and curvilinear stiffeners under torsional and bending load cases is studied. It is seen that curvilinear stiffeners can lead to a potential 10.8% weight saving in the structure as compared to the case of using straight stiffeners.
Key Words
pressure vessels; curvilinear stiffeners; optimization framework; finite element analysis
Address
Karanpreet Singh, Wei Zhao and Rakesh K. Kapania:Kevin T. Crofton Department of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering,
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, U.S.A.
Abstract
This research aims to demonstrate the optimal geometrical design of splayed multiple cross-sectional pin fin heat sinks (SMCSPFHS), which are a type of side-inlet-side-outlet heat sink (SISOHS). The optimiser strength Pareto evolutionary algorithm 2 (SPEA2) is employed to explore a set of Pareto optimal solutions. Objective functions are the fan pumping power and junction temperature. Function evaluations can be accomplished using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. Design variables include pin cross-sectional areas, the number of fins, fin pitch, thickness of heat sink base, inlet air speed, fin heights, and fin orientations with respect to the base. Design constraints are defined in such a way as to make a heat sink usable and easy to manufacture. The optimum results obtained from SPEA2 are compared with the straight pin fin design results obtained from hybrid population-based incremental learning and differential evolution (PBIL-DE), SPEA2, and an unrestricted population size evolutionary multiobjective optimisation algorithm (UPSEMOA). The results indicate that the splayed pin-fin design using SPEA2 is superior to those reported in the literature.
Address
Sanchai Ramphueiphad and Sujin Bureerat:Sustainable and Infrastructure Research and Development Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
Abstract
Multi-stage pumps are the most popular pumps among various kinds of centrifugal pumps. A thorough review of different kinds of literature has led to the conclusion that there is a desperate need to increase the performance of the multi-stage centrifugal pump. Many investigators have put their efforts to increase the pump performance and also the work is being projected on various aspects of pump performance variables. To improve the multistage centrifugal pump performance by investigation, modification, and analysis many works of literature are available. For analysis, many researchers used the Navier-Stokes solver to create the three-dimensional unsteady turbulent flow numerical model with the standard k-ε turbulent equation. This paper mainly focuses on research related to the multi-stage centrifugal pump.
Key Words
hydraulic machine; modeling; multi-stage centrifugal pump; standard k-ε turbulent equation
Address
Bhushan R. Rode and Ruchi Khare: Department of Civil Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Link Road Number 3,
Near River Town, Harshvardhan Nagar, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462003
Abstract
The lightweight superstructure is beneficial for bridges in remote areas and emergency erection. In such weight-sensitive applications, the combination of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) as a material and box-beams as a structural system have enormous scope. This combination offers various advantages, but as a thin-walled structure, their designs are often governed by buckling criteria. FRP box-beams lose their stability either by flange or web buckling mode. In this paper, the web buckling behavior of simply supported FRP box-beam subjected to transverse load has been studied by modeling full box-beam to consider the effect of real state of stress (stress variation in length direction) and boundary conditions (rotational restraint at web-flange junction). A parametric study by varying the sectional geometry and fiber orientation is carried out by using ANSYS software. The accuracy of the FE models was ensured by verifying them against the available results provided in the literature. With the help of developed database the influential parameters (i.e., αs, βw, δw and γ) affecting the web bucklings are identified. Design trends have been developed which will be helpful to the designers in the preliminary stage. Finally, the importance of governing parameters and design trends are demonstrated through pedestrian bridge design.
Key Words
FRP box-beam; web buckling; rotational restraint; stability problem; FE analysis
Address
M. Kasiviswanathan and Akhil Upadhyay:Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
