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CONTENTS
Volume 30, Number 5, May 2026
 

Abstract
This study presents an experimental investigation on the dynamic and seismic behavior of a reduced-scale steel bridge pier model tested on a shaking table. The model response is first characterized under random white-noise excitations using accelerometers, and the fundamental frequencies are identified through frequency-domain analysis of the measured accelerations. The corresponding damping ratio is evaluated by the half-power bandwidth and the logarithmic decrement methods. The experimentally identified frequencies are then compared with those obtained from a finite element model to assess the consistency and reliability of the numerical simulation. Subsequently, a seismic analysis is performed using the 1995 Kobe earthquake at several intensity levels, allowing the assessment of the structural response under representative dynamic conditions. The seismic response of the model is measured in terms of accelerations and displacements, providing key insight into the underlying dynamic response mechanisms under earthquakes. These experimental measurements are finally used to calibrate the finite element model, with the objective of enhancing the reliability of numerical simulations and improving the predictive capability for the seismic behavior of real-scale bridge structures. The findings contribute to the development of more effective seismic-resistant design strategies and to the reduction of seismic risk in critical civil engineering infrastructures, particularly bridges.

Key Words
damping ratios; dynamic response; fundamental frequencies; Kobe earthquake; reduced-scale model; shaking table

Address
Abdellatif Bentifour, Nassima Benmansour, Abderaouf Daci: RISk Assessment & Management Laboratory (RISAM), University of Tlemcen, P.O. Box 230, Tlemcen, Algeria
Rachid Derbal: Department of Civil Engineering and Public Works, University of Ain Temouchent, P.O. Box 284, Ain Temouchent, Algeria

Abstract
Wire-mesh concrete sandwich walls (WCWs) represent a composite structural system known for its lightweight construction and low-carbon advantages. However, standardized criteria for evaluating their seismic performance remain insufficient, and quantitative assessments of their carbon reduction potential lack rigorous scientific validation—factors that hinder broader engineering application. In this study, incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) and quantile regression were employed to establish, for the first time, a three-tier seismic performance evaluation framework for WCWs based on inter-story drift ratio and inter-story shear force. Furthermore, a novel four-stage correlation model linking seismic intensity measures (IM), structural response, wall dimensions, and carbon emissions was developed to quantitatively relate seismic design parameters to embodied carbon emissions. This model provides a theoretical basis for the integrated design of structural safety and sustainability in green buildings. A case study of a WCW building demonstrated a 41.19% reduction in carbon emissions compared to conventional reinforced concrete shear walls. These findings offer critical theoretical and technical insights for the application of WCWs in sustainable construction.

Key Words
carbon emission model; incremental dynamic analysis; seismic performance evaluation; wire-mesh concrete sandwich wall

Address
Hao Wang: 1) Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake Administration, Harbin 150080, China, 2) Key Laboratory of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake Administration, Harbin 150080, China
Wenqi Lu, Wenyu Tian: School of Civil Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang 050043, China
Wentao Qiao, Chao Luo: Key Laboratory of Road and Railway Engineering Safety Control (Ministry of Education), Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang 050043, China

Abstract
This study investigates the dynamic soil-structure interaction (DSSI) of a soil-box foundation-12-story reinforced concrete (RC) frame system based on shaking table test data. A three-dimensional finite element model is developed in ABAQUS using the Drucker-Prager model for soil behavior, a master-slave contact algorithm for the soil-structure interface, and the plastic damage model for the RC structure. The numerical results agree well with the experimental data, validating the proposed modeling approach. Parametric analyses are conducted by varying foundation burial depth, superstructure stiffness, additional structural mass, and seismic input characteristics. The results show that decreasing the burial depth reduces the acceleration peak ratio between the foundation top and the free-field soil surface (A1/S10) by up to 4.37%. Increasing burial depth significantly decreases roof acceleration, inter-story shear force, and overturning moment by up to 52.12%, 28.23%, and 49.10%, respectively. These results provide insight into the seismic behavior of DSSI systems and a reliable numerical framework for evaluating soil-structure interaction effects.

Key Words
dynamic soil-structure interaction; finite element analysis; interaction effect; parameter analysis; shaking table tests

Address
Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Hebei Vocational University of Technology and Engineering, No.473, Quannan West Street, Xindu District, Xingtai 054000, Hebei, China

Abstract
The rapid population growth and limited land availability in urban areas have led to buildings being constructed closer to property lines. In such situations, eccentrically loaded footings are commonly adopted at property lines, where settlement and rotational effects become significant. To mitigate these effects, strap beams are provided, connecting the edge footings to an adjacent interior footing and thereby improving overall stability. Conventional analysis assumes column bases to be resting on unyielding support for simplicity and computational efficiency; however, deformable soil conditions necessitate soil-structure interaction (SSI) and structure-soil-structure interaction (SSSI) analyses for realistic and rational solutions. This study investigates a three-storey, 4x4 bay RCC building with eccentrically loaded footings near the property line. Rotation and settlement of footings with and without strap beams are examined under gravity and seismic loading (IS 1893:2025) using ABAQUS software. Four distinct cases are ana-lysed to evaluate the effects of strap beams and SSSI: SSI-E (SSI without strap beam), SSI-S (SSI with strap beam), SSSI-E (SSSI without strap beam), and SSSI-S (SSSI with strap beam). The comparative analysis quantifies the influence of strap beams and SSSI effects on footing rotation and settlement. The results demonstrate that strap beams significantly reduce footing rotation and settlement. Compared to SSI, SSSI leads to increased rotation and settlement at edge footings near the adjacent building. However, incorporating strap beams under SSSI conditions yields a more realistic and reliable prediction of actual footing behavior.

Key Words
ABAQUS; building; eccentrically loaded footings; settlement and rotation; strap beam

Address
Department of Civil Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India

Abstract
The welding quality of beam-column joints of steel structures is one of the most important factors affecting seismic behavior of steel structures. In order to investigate the influence of initial defects on the seismic performance of H-shaped beam-column joints, the extended finite element method was used. A crack was set at the lower flange weld of H-shaped beam-column joints, and the influence of defect position and defect depth on the seismic performance was examined. The loading methods with different amplitudes were adopted. The research findings indicate that the initial defect exerts a significant influence on the seismic performance of the joint. The bearing capacity and energy dissipation capacity of the joints were decreased, and the degree of reduction accelerates with the increase of defect depth. However, the loading amplitude has a relatively minor effect on the seismic performance of the joint, with a maximum difference of 6.97% and an average difference of 0.31% in ultimate bending moment. Similarly, the influence of the initial defect location is limited, with a maximum difference of 11.9% and an average difference of 3.6%.

Key Words
extended finite element method; seismic properties; steel beam-column joint

Address
Yuan Zuo: School of Economics and Management, Nanjing Vocational University of Industry Technology, 210023, Nanjing, China
Weibin Li: School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, 210096, Nanjing, China

Abstract
This study develops and evaluates a cantilever-stiffened buckling-restrained brace (CAS-BRB) designed to enhance energy dissipation and cyclic stability while remaining compatible with conventional fabrication practice. A finite element framework was established to simulate a subassembly with a 2.0 m core, incorporating nonlinear steel behavior through combined isotropic-kinematic hardening, low-friction unbonded contact between the core and restrainer, initial geometric imperfections, and a quasi-static loading protocol consistent with seismic qualification practice. A low-yield steel equivalent to HSA80 was adopted for the core, while a conventional structural steel comparable to SS275 was used for restraining and stiffening components. The model was verified by benchmarking against published experimental results and by checking its response against recognized seismic design provisions. Parametric analyses were then conducted by varying the lengths of the welded and cantilever segments to isolate the role of staged engagement during compression. The results show that the cantilever segment delays the onset of strength degradation from the first compressive cycle at 1.5

Key Words
buckling constraints; buckling-restrained brace(BRB); energy dissipation capacity; local buckling; seismic retrofit; yielding length

Address
Arum Jang, Young K. Ju: School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
Robel Wondimu Alemayehu: Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Auburn University, 1170 W Samford Ave., Auburn, AL 36849, USA
Jintak Oh: Department of Architectural & Civil Engineering, Kyungil University, 50 Gamasilgil, Hayangeup, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38428, Korea

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