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CONTENTS
Volume 5, Number 3, September 2015
 


Abstract
The global performance of the 5 MW OC4 semisubmersible floating wind turbine in random waves was numerically simulated by using the turbine-floater-mooring fully coupled and time-domain dynamic analysis program FAST-CHARM3D. There have been many papers regarding floating offshore wind turbines but the effects of second-order wave-body interactions on their global performance have rarely been studied. The second-order wave forces are actually small compared to the first-order wave forces, but its effect cannot be ignored when the natural frequencies of a floating system are outside the wave-frequency range. In the case of semi-submersible platform, second-order difference-frequency wave-diffraction forces and moments become important since surge/sway and pitch/roll natural frequencies are lower than those of typical incident waves. The computational effort related to the full second-order diffraction calculation is typically very heavy, so in many cases, the simplified approach called Newman\'s approximation or first-order-wave-force-only are used. However, it needs to be justified against more complete solutions with full QTF (quadratic transfer function), which is a main subject of the present study. The numerically simulated results for the 5 MW OC4 semisubmersible floating wind turbine by FAST-CHARM3D are also extensively compared with the DeepCWind model test results by Technip/NREL/UMaine. The predicted motions and mooring tensions for two white-noise input-wave spectra agree well against the measure values. In this paper, the numerical static-offset and free-decay tests are also conducted to verify the system stiffness, damping, and natural frequencies against the experimental results. They also agree well to verify that the dynamic system modeling is correct to the details. The performance of the simplified approaches instead of using the full QTF are also tested.

Key Words
wind energy; FOWT (Floating Offshore Wind Turbine); OC4 semi-submersible; dynamic coupling; mooring tension; second order wave diffraction effect; QTF; FAST-CHARM3D; 5 MW wind-turbine; viscous drag

Address
H.C. Kim: Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
M.H. Kim: Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA

Abstract
An emergency response system (ERS) for vessel oil spills is a complex and dynamic system comprising a number of subsystems and activities. Failures may occur during the emergency response operations, this has negative impacts on the effectiveness of the ERS. Of the classes of problems in analyzing failures, the lack of quantitative data is fundamental. In fact, most of the empirical data collected via questionnaire survey is subjective in nature and is inevitably associated with uncertainties caused by the human being\'s inability to provide complete judgement. In addition, incomplete information and/or vagueness of the meaning about the failures add difficulties in evaluating the effectiveness of the system. Therefore this paper proposes a framework to evaluate the ERS effectiveness by using the combination of fuzzy reasoning and evidential synthesis approaches. Based on analyzing the procedure of ERS for oil spills, the failures in the system could be identified, using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to determine the relative weight of identified failures. Fuzzy reasoning combined with evidential synthesis is applied to evaluate the effectiveness of ERS for oil spills under uncertainties last. The proposed method is capable of dealing with uncertainties in data including ignorance and vagueness which traditional methods cannot effectively handle. A case study is used to illustrate the application of the proposed method.

Key Words
emergency response system; oil spills; effectiveness evaluation; uncertainties; fuzzy reasoning; evidential synthesis

Address
H.Y. Wang and J.Q. Yang: School of Transportation, Wuhan University of Technology, 1040 Heping Avenue, Wuhan, 430063, China
J. Ren and J. Wang: School of Engineering, Technology and Maritime Operations, Liverpool John Moores University
Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK



Abstract
An OSV (Offshore Support Vessel) is being used to install a structure which is laid on its deck or an adjacent transport barge by lifting off the structure with its own crane, lifting in the air, crossing splash zone, deeply submerging, and lastly landing it. There are some major considerations during these operations. Especially, when lifting off the structure, if operating conditions such as ocean environmental loads and lifting off velocity are not suitable, the collision can be occurred due to the relative motion between the structure and the OSV or the transport barge. To solve this problem, this study performs the physics-based simulation of the lifting off step while the OSV installs the structure. The simulation includes the calculation of dynamic responses of the OSV and the structure, including the collision detection between the transport barge and the structure. To check the applicability of the physics-based simulation, it is applied to a problem of the lifting off step by varying the ocean environmental loads and the lifting off velocity. As a result, it is confirmed that the operability of the lifting off step are affected by the conditions.

Key Words
offshore support vessel; lifting off; physics-based simulation; ocean environmental loads; lifting off velocity

Address
Dong-Hoon Jeong and Seung-Ho Ham: Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
Myung-Il Roh: Department of the Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, and Research Institute of Marine Systems Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea

Abstract
The paper described the nonlinear dynamic motion behavior of a barge equipped with the portable outboard Dynamic Positioning (DP) control system in short-crested waves. The DP system based on the fuzzy theory is applied to control the thrusters to optimally adjust the ship position and heading in waves. In addition to the short-crested waves, the current, wind and nonlinear drifting force are also included in the calculations. The time domain simulations for the six degrees of freedom motions of the barge with the DP system are solved by the 4th order Runge-Kutta method. The results show that the position and heading deviations are limited within acceptable ranges based on the present control method. When the dynamic positioning missions are needed, the technique of the alternative portable DP system developed here can serve as a practical tool to assist those ships without equipping with the DP facility.

Key Words
fuzzy control; time domain; dynamic positioning; short-crested waves

Address
Ming-Chung Fang and Zi-Yi Lee: Department of Systems and Naval Mechatronic Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan R.O.C.


Abstract
This paper compares simplified and finite element method (FEM) models for tower and blade in dynamic coupled analysis of floating wind turbine. A SPAR type wind turbine with catenary mooring lines is considered in numerical analysis. Floating body equation is derived using boundary element method (BEM) and convolution. Equations for mooring line, tower and blade are formulated with theories of catenary, elastic beam and aerodynamic rotating beam, respectively and FEM is applied in the formulation. By combining the equations, coupled solutions are calculated. Tower or blade may be assumed rigid or lumped body for simplicity in modeling. By comparing floating body motions, mooring line tensions and tower stresses with the simple model and original FEM model, the effect of including or neglecting elastic, rotating and aerodynamic behavior of tower and blade is discussed.

Key Words
floating wind turbine; tower; blade; coupled analysis; simplified model; FEM

Address
Byoung Wan Kim, Sa Young Hong, Hong Gun Sung and Seok Won Hong: Korea Research Institute of Ships & Ocean Engineering (KRISO), 1312-32 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34103, Korea


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