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CONTENTS
Volume 10, Number 1, January 2021
 


Abstract
In the present computational approach, thermal buckling and frequency characteristics of a doubly curved laminated nanopanel with the aid of Two-Dimensional Generalized Differential Quadrature Method (2D-GDQM) and Nonlocal Strain Gradient Theory (NSGT) are investigated. Additionally, the temperature changes along the thickness direction nonlinearly. The novelty of the current study is in considering the effects of laminated composite and thermal in addition of size effect on frequency, thermal buckling, and dynamic deflections of the laminated nanopanel. The acquired numerical and analytical results are compared by each other to validate the results. The results demonstrate that some geometrical and physical parameters, have noticeable effects on the frequency and pre-thermal buckling behavior of the doubly curved open cylindrical laminated nanopanel. The favorable suggestion of this survey is that for designing the laminated nano-sized structure should pay special attention to size-dependent parameters because nonlocal and length scale parameters have an important role in the static and dynamic behaviors of the laminated nanopanel.

Key Words
pre-thermal buckling; frequency characteristics; laminated nanopanel; NSGT; nonlinear thermal loading

Address
(1) Humin Dai:
Department of Advanced Manufacture Technology, Guangdong Mechanical Electrical Polytechnic, Guangzhou, 510515, China
(2) Hamed Safarpour:
Mechanical Engineering department, Faculty of Engineering, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran

Abstract
Microtubules (MTs) are the main part of the cytoskeleton in living eukaryotic cells. In this article, a mechanical model of MT buckling, considering the modified strain gradient theory, is analytically examined. The MT is assumed as a cylindrical beam and a new single variable trigonometric beam theory is developed in conjunction with a modified strain gradient model. The main benefit of the present formulation is shown in its new kinematic where we found only one unknown as the Euler-Bernoulli beam model, which is even less than the Timoshenko beam model. The governing equations are deduced by considering virtual work principle. The effectiveness of the present method is checked by comparing the obtained results with those reported by other higher shear deformation beam theory involving a higher number of unknowns. It is shown that microstructure-dependent response is more important when material length scale parameters are closer to the outer diameter of MTs. Also, it can be confirmed that influences of shear deformation become more considerable for smaller shear modulus and aspect ratios.

Key Words
protein microtubules; modified strain gradient theory; single variable beam theory; buckling

Address
(1) Afaf S. Alwabli, Dhafer A. Alzahrani, Aala A. Abulfaraj:
Department of Biological Sciences, Rabigh College of Science and Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia
(2) Abdelhakim Kaci, Hichem Bellifa, Fouad Bourada, Kouider Halim Benrahou:
Material and Hydrology Laboratory, University of Sidi Bel Abbes, Faculty of Technology, Civil Engineering Department, Algeria
(3) Abdelhakim Kaci:
Université Dr Tahar Moulay, Faculté de Technologie, Département de Génie Civil et Hydraulique, BP 138 Cité En-Nasr 20000 Saida, Algeria
(4) Abdelmoumen Anis Bousahla:
Laboratoire de Modélisation et Simulation Multi-échelle, Département de Physique, Faculté des Sciences Exactes, Département de Physique, Université de Sidi Bel Abbés, Algeria
(5) Abdelmoumen Anis Bousahla, Abdelouahed Tounsi, Fouad Bourada, Kouider Halim Benrahou, Abdeldjebbar Tounsi:
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, 31261 Dhahran, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
(6) Abdelouahed Tounsi:
YFL (Yonsei Frontier Lab), Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
(7) Fouad Bourada:
Département des Sciences et de la Technologie, centre universitaire de Tissemsilt, BP 38004 Ben Hamouda, Algeria
(8) S.R. Mahmoud:
King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Applied Studies, GRC Department, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
(9) Muzamal Hussain:
Department of Mathematics, Govt. College University Faisalabad, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan

Abstract
In this article, the vibration behavior of embedded Functionally Graded Nanoplate (FGNP) employing nonlocal Kirchhoff's plate theory has been investigated under hygrothermal environment. The FGNP is considered to be supported by Winkler-Pasternak foundation. The Eringen's differential theory is used for size effect on the vibration of the FGNP. Rayleigh-Ritz method with orthogonal polynomials are employed for the governing equations and edge constraints. The advantage of this method is that it overcomes all the drawbacks of edge constraints and can easily handle any combinations of mixed edge constraints. The coefficients viz. moisture expansion, thermal expansion and elastic coefficients are considered to be transversely graded across the FGNP. The similarity of the calculated natural frequencies is examined with the previous research, and a good concurrency is seen. The objective of this article is to analyze the parameters' effect on the nondimensionalized frequency of embedded FGNP under hygrothermal environment subjected to all possible edge constraints. For this, uniform and linear rise of temperature and moisture concentration are considered. The study highlights that the nonlocal effect is pronounced for higher modes. Moreover, the effect of the Pasternak modulus is seen to be prominent compared to the Winkler modulus on non dimensionalized frequencies of FGNP.

Key Words
functionally graded plate; nanoplate; vibration analysis; Winkler-Pasternak foundation; hygrothermal environment; Rayleigh-Ritz

Address
(1) Piyush P. Singh and Mohammad S. Azam:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India

Abstract
In this study, thermally induced bifurcation buckling of shallow composite cylindrical panels reinforced with aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes is investigated. Distribution of carbon nanotubes across the thickness of the cylindrical panel as reinforcements may be either uniform or functionally graded. Thermo-mechanical properties of the matrix and reinforcements are considered to be temperature dependent. Properties of the cylindrical panel are obtained using a refined micromechanical approach which introduces the auxiliary parameters into the rule of mixtures. The governing equations are obtained by using the static version of the Hamilton principle based on the first-order shear deformation theory and considering the linear strain-displacement relation. An energy-based Ritz method and an iterative process are used to obtain the critical buckling temperature of composite cylindrical panel with temperature dependent material properties. In addition, the effect of various parameters such as the boundary conditions, different geometrical conditions, distribution pattern of CNTs across the thickness and their volume fraction are studied on the critical buckling temperature and buckled pattern of cylindrical panels. It is shown that FG-X type of CNT dispersion is the most influential type in thermal stability.

Key Words
thermal buckling; FG-CNTRC; cylindrical panel; Ritz method; temperature dependent properties

Address
(1) Razieh Hashemi, Mohammad R. Adlparvar:
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Qom, Alghadir Blvd, Qom, Iran
(2) Mostafa Mirzaei:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Qom, Alghadir Blvd, Qom, Iran

Abstract
Electrospinning is a cost-effective and versatile method for producing submicron fibers. Although this method is relatively simple, at the theoretical level the interactions between process parameters and their influence on the fiber morphology are not yet fully understood. In this paper, the aim was finding optimal electrospinning parameters in order to obtain the smallest fiber diameter by using Taguchi's methodology. The nanofibers produced by electrospinning a solution of Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) in Dimethylformamide (DMF). Polymer concentration and process parameters were considered as the effective factors. Taguchi's L9 orthogonal design (4 parameters, 3 levels) was applied to the experiential design. Optimal electrospinning conditions were determined using the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio with Minitab 17 software. The morphology of the nanofibers was studied by a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Thereafter, a tensile tester machine was used to assess mechanical properties of nanofibrous scaffolds. The analysis of DoE experiments showed that TPU concentration was the most significant parameter. An optimum combination to reach smallest diameters was yielded at 12 wt% polymer concentration, 16 kV of the supply voltage, 0.1 ml/h feed rate and 15 cm tip-to-distance. An empirical model was extracted and verified using confirmation test. The average diameter of nanofibers at the optimum conditions was in the range of 242.10 to 257.92 nm at a confidence level 95% which was in close agreement with the predicted value by the Taguchi technique. Also, the mechanical properties increased with decreasing fibers diameter. This study demonstrated Taguchi method was successfully applied to the optimization of electrospinning conditions for TPU nanofibers and the presented scaffold can mimic the structure of Extracellular Matrix (ECM).

Key Words
electrospinning; nanofibers; thermoplastic polyurethane; Taguchi's orthogonal design; optimization

Address
(1) Maryam Nezadi, Hamid Keshvari:
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Hafez Ave, Tehran 1591634311, Iran
(2) Maryam Yousefzadeh:
Department of Textile Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Hafez Ave, Tehran 1591634311, Iran

Abstract
Synthesis of nanoparticles using green technology using plants is gaining significant attention as it is an environmentally friendly substitute to conventional physical and chemical methods. The present study was focused on the chemical and green synthesis of Iron Oxide nanoparticles from ferric chloride. The green synthesis was achieved by utilizing the bio components of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis. The Fe3O4 nanoparticles with the size range of 87-400 nm were synthesized by wet chemical reduction technique which are unstable, prone to aggregation while in green synthesis the phytochemicals present in the leaf extract acts as the capping as well as the reducing agent thus the green synthesized iron (III) oxide nanoparticles were naturally stabilized, spherical shaped and are in the size range of 2-80 nm. The results of both the protocols are compared and presented briefly.

Key Words
chemical synthesis; Fe3O4 nanoparticles; green synthesis; phytochemicals

Address
(1) V. Gokila, V.T. Perarasu and R. Delma Jones Rufina:
Thermal and Bio Analysis Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, AC Tech Campus, Anna University, Chennai 600025, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract
In the present study, novel chitosan coated magnetic magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles were successfully biosynthesized from mushroom, Agaricus campestris, extract. The obtained bio-nanocomposite material was used to investigate ultra-fast and highly efficient for removal of Ni2+ ions in a fixed-bed column. Chitosan was treated as polyelectrolyte complex with Fe3O4 nanoparticles and a Fungal Bio-Nanocomposite Material (FBNM) was derived. The FBNM was characterized by using X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Fourier Transform Infrared spectra (FTIR) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) techniques and under varied experimental conditions. The influence of some important operating conditions including pH, flow rate and initial Ni2+ concentration on the uptake of Ni2+ solution was also optimized using a synthetic water sample. A Central Composite Design (CCD) combined with Response Surface Modeling (RSM) was carried out to maximize Ni2+ removal using FBNM for adsorption process. A regression model was derived using CCD to predict the responses and analysis of variance (ANOVA) and lack of fit test was used to check model adequacy. It was observed that the quadratic model, which was controlled and proposed, was originated from experimental design data. The FBNM maximum adsorption capacity was determined as 59.8 mg g−1. Finally, developed method was applied to soft drinks to determine Ni2+ levels. Reusability of FBNM was tested, and the adsorption and desorption capacities were not affected after eight cycles. The paper suggests that the FBNM is a promising recyclable nanoadsorbent for the removal of Ni2+ from various soft drinks.

Key Words
Agaricus campestris; Fe3O4 nanoparticles; bionano-composite material; nickel; fixed-bed column

Address
(1) Olcay K. Ince:
Department of Gastronomy and Culinary Arts, Faculty of Fine Arts, Design and Architecture, Munzur University, 62000 Tunceli, Turkey
(2) Olcay K. Ince, Hevidar Alp, Muharrem Ince:
Rare Earth Elements Application and Research Center, Munzur University, 62000 Tunceli, Turkey
(3) Burcu Aydogdu:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Munzur University, 62000 Tunceli, Turkey
(4) Hevidar Alp:
Department of Food Process, Tunceli Vocational School, Munzur University, 62000 Tunceli, Turkey
(5) Muharrem Ince:
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Tunceli Vocational School, Munzur University, 62000 Tunceli, Turkey

Abstract
Silicene is an emerging two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor material which has been envisaged to be compatible with conventional silicon technology. This paper presents a theoretical study of uniformly doped silicene with aluminium (AlSi3) Field-Effect Transistor (FET) along with the benchmark of device performance metrics with other 2D materials. The simulations are carried out by employing nearest neighbour tight-binding approach and top-of-the-barrier ballistic nanotransistor model. Further investigations on the effects of the operating temperature and oxide thickness to the device performance metrics of AlSi3 FET are also discussed. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed AlSi3 FET can achieve on-to-off current ratio up to the order of seven and subthreshold swing of 67.6 mV/dec within the ballistic performance limit at room temperature. The simulation results of AlSi3 FET are benchmarked with FETs based on other competitive 2D materials such as silicene, graphene, phosphorene and molybdenum disulphide.

Key Words
doped silicene; ballistic transport; 2D material; I-V characteristics; nanotransistor

Address
(1) M.W. Chuan, K.L. Wong, A. Hamzah, S. Rusli, N.E. Alias, C.S. Lim and M.L.P. Tan:
School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia


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