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Structural Engineering and Mechanics
  Volume 12, Number 6, December 2001 , pages 685-698
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2001.12.6.685
 


Stress path adapting Strut-and-Tie models in cracked and uncracked R.C. elements
Fabio Biondini, Franco Bontempi and Pier Giorgio Malerba(Italy)

 
Abstract
    In this paper, a general method for the automatic search for Strut-and-Tie (S&T) models
representative of possible resistant mechanisms in reinforced concrete elements is proposed. The
representativeness criterion here adopted is inspired to the principle of minimum strain energy and
requires the consistency of the model with a reference stress field. In particular, a highly indeterminate
pin-jointed framework of a given layout is generated within the assigned geometry of the concrete
element and an optimum truss is found by the minimisation of a suitable objective function. Such a
function allows us to search the optimum truss according to a reference stress field deduced through a
F.E.A. and assumed as representative of the given continuum. The theoretical principles and the
mathematical formulation of the method are firstly explained; the search for a S&T model suitable for the
design of a deep beam shows the method capability in handling the reference stress path. Finally, since
the analysis may consider the structure as linear-elastic or cracked and non-linear in both the component
materials, it is shown how the proposed procedure allows us to verify the possibilities of activation of the
design model, oriented to the serviceability condition and deduced in the linear elastic field, by following
the evolution of the resistant mechanisms in the cracked non-linear field up to the structural failure.
 
Key Words
    Strut-and-Tie models; R.C. analysis and design; structural optimisation.
 
Address
Fabio Biondini, Department of Structural Engineering, Technical University of Milan, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
Franco Bontempi, Department of Structural and Geotechnical Engineering, University of Rome \"La Sapienza\", Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
Pier Giorgio Malerba, Department of Structural Engineering, Technical University of Milan, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
 

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