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CONTENTS
Volume 50, Number 2, January 25 2024
 

Abstract
The paper deals with the propagation of Rayleigh waves in a nonlocal thermoelastic isotropic layer which is lying over a nonlocal thermoelastic isotropic half-space under the purview of Green-Lindsay model and Eringen's nonlocal elasticity in the presence of voids. The normal mode analysis is employed to the considered equations to obtain vector matrix differential equation which is then solved by eigenvalue approach. The frequency equation of Rayleigh waves is derived and different particular cases are also deduced. The effects of voids and nonlocality on different characteristics of Rayleigh waves are presented graphically.

Key Words
eigenvalue approach; Green-Lindsay model; nonlocal; Rayleigh waves; thermoelastic layer; voids

Address
Ismail Haque and Siddhartha Biswas:Department of Mathematics, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling 734013, India

Abstract
This paper analytically investigates the free vibration analysis of functionally graded-carbon nanotube reinforced composite (FG-CNTRC) plates by dynamic stiffness method (DSM). The properties of CNTRC are determined with the extended rule of mixture. The governing differential equations of motion based on the first-order shear deformation theory of CNTRC plate are derived using Hamilton's principle. The FG-CNTRC plates are studied for a uniform and two different distributions of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The accuracy and performance of the DSM are compared with the results obtained from closed closed-form and semi-analytical solution methods in previous studies. In this study, the effects of boundary condition, distribution type of CNTs, plate aspect ratio, plate length to thickness ratio, and different values of CNTs volume fraction on the natural frequencies of the FG-CNTRC plates are investigated. Finally, various natural frequencies of the plates in different conditions are provided as a benchmark for comparing the accuracy and precision of the other analytical and numerical methods.

Key Words
carbon nanotube; composite plate; dynamic stiffness method; exact solution; first-order shear deformation theory; free vibration; functionally graded

Address
Shahabeddin Hatami and Mohammad Reza Bahrami:Department of Engineering, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran

Abstract
Considering that different boundary conditions can have an important impact on structural vibration characteristics. In this paper, the nonlinear forced vibration behavior of functionally graded material (FGM) doubly curved shells with initial geometric imperfections under different boundary conditions is studied. Considering initial geometric imperfections and von Karman geometric nonlinearity, the nonlinear governing equations of FGM doubly curved shells are derived using Reissner's first order shear deformation (FOSD) theory. Three different boundary conditions of four edges simply supported (SSSS), four edges clamped (CCCC), clamped-clamped-simply-simply (CCSS) were studied, and a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations was obtained with the help of Galerkin principle. The nonlinear forced vibration response of the FGM doubly curved shell is obtained by using the modified Lindstedt Poincare (MLP) method. The accuracy of this method was verified by comparing it with published literature. Finally, the effects of curvature ratio, power law index, void coefficient, prestress, and initial geometric imperfections on the resonance of FGM doubly curved shells under different boundary conditions are fully discussed. The relevant research results can provide certain guidance for the design and application of doubly curved shell.

Key Words
boundary conditions; FGM doubly curved shell; initial geometrical imperfection; nonlinear primary resonance

Address
Jinpeng Song, Yujie He and Gui-Lin She:College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China

Abstract
In the present study, the effect of geometrical parameters of two different types of aluminum thin-walled structures on energy absorption under three-bending impact loading has been investigated experimentally and numerically. To evaluate the effect of parameters on the specific energy absorption (SEA), initial peak crushing force (IPCF), and the maximum crushing distance (δ), a design of experiment technique (DOE) with response surface method (RSM) was applied. Four different thinwalled structures have been tested under the low-velocity impact, and then they have simulated by ABAQUS software. An acceptable consistency between the numerical and experimental results was obtained. In this study, statistical analysis has been performed on various parameters of three different types of tubes. In the first and the second statistical analysis, the dimensional parameters of the cross-section, the number of holes, and the dimensional parameter of holes were considered as the design variables. The diameter reduction rate and the number of sections with different diameters are related to the third statistical analysis. All design points of the statistical method have been simulated by the finite element package, ABAQUS/Explicit. The final result shows that the height and thickness of tubes were more effective than other geometrical parameters, and despite the fact that the deformations of the cylindrical tubes were around forty percent greater than the rectangular tubes, the top desirability was relevant to the cylindrical tubes with reduced cross-sections.

Key Words
crashworthiness; energy absorption; low-velocity impact; RSM; three-point bending test

Address
Hossein Taghipoor:1)Department of Mechanical Engineering, Velayat University, P.O. Box 99111-31311, Iranshahr, Iran
2)Afra Research and Development Co., Semnan, Iran

Mahdi Sefidi:Mechanical Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran

Abstract
In this paper, a closed-form rigorous solution for interfacial stress in continuous steel beam with variable section strengthened with bonded prestressed FRP plates and subjected to a uniformly distributed load is developed using linear elastic theory and including the variation of fiber volume fractions with a longitudinal orientation of the fibers of the FRP plates. The results show that there exists a high concentration of both shear and normal stress at the ends of the laminate, which might result in premature failure of the strengthening scheme at these locations. The theoretical predictions are compared with other existing solutions. Overall, the predictions of the different solutions agree closely with each other. A parametric study has been conducted to investigate the sensitivity of interface behavior to parameters such as laminate and adhesive stiffness, the thickness of the laminate and the fiber volume fractions where all were found to have a marked effect on the magnitude of maximum shear and normal stress in the composite member. This research gives a numerical precision in relating to the others studies which neglect the effect of prestressed plate and the shear lag impact. The physical and geometric properties of materials are taken into account, and that may play an important role in reducing the interfacial stresses magnitude.

Key Words
interfacial stresses; prestressed composite plate; shear lag effect; steel beam; strengthening

Address
Tahar Hassaine Daouadji, Rabahi Abderezak and Benferhat Rabia:1)Laboratory of Geomatics and sustainable development, University of Tiaret, Algeria
2)Department of Civil Engineering, Ibn Khaldoun University of Tiaret, Algeria

Abstract
This paper is motivated by the lack of studies relating to vibration and nonlinear resonance of fluid-conveying cantilever porous GPLR pipes with fractional viscoelastic model resting on nonlinear foundations. A dynamical model of cantilever porous Graphene Platelet Reinforced (GPLR) pipes conveying fluid and resting on nonlinear foundation is proposed, and the vibration, natural frequencies and primary resonant of such system are explored. The pipe body is considered to be composed of GPLR viscoelastic polymeric pipe with porosity in which Halpin-Tsai scheme in conjunction with fractional viscoelastic model is used to govern the construction relation of the nanocomposite pipe. Three different porosity distributions through the pipe thickness are introduced. The harmonic concentrated force is also applied on pipe and excitation frequency is close to the first natural frequency. The governing equation for transverse motion of the pipe is derived by the Hamilton principle and then discretized by the Galerkin procedure. In order to obtain the frequency-response equation, the differential equation is solved with the assumption of small displacement, damping coefficient, and excitation amplitude by the multiple scale method. A parametric sensitivity analysis is carried out to reveal the influence of different parameters, such as nanocomposite pipe properties, fluid velocity and nonlinear viscoelastic foundation coefficients, on the primary resonance and linear natural frequency. Results indicate that the GPLs weight fraction porosity coefficient, fractional derivative order and the retardation time have substantial influences on the dynamic response of the system.

Key Words
cantilever pipe; fluid-conveying; fractional viscoelastic model; GPLs reinforced; nonlinear foundation; primary resonance

Address
Bashar Mahmood Ali:Materials Sciences and Engineering PhD Program, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences,
Kastamonu University, Kastamonu 37150, Turkey


Mehmet AKKAS:Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu 37150, Turkey

Aybaba HANCERLiOGULLARI:Kastamonu University, Faculty of Science Department of physics, Kuzeykent/Kastamonu, 37150 Turkey

Nasrin Bohlooli:School of Civil Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

Abstract
Concrete-filled steel tubes (CFSTs) nowadays are widely used as the main parts of momentous structures, and its connection has gained increasing attention as the complexity in configuration and load transfer mechanism. This paper proposes a novel CFST pier-to-footing incorporating tube-confined RC encasement. Such an innovative approach offers several benefits, including expedited on-site assembly, effective confinement, and collision resistance and corrosion resistance. The seismic behavior of such CFST pier-to-footing connection was studied by testing eight specimens under quasi-static cyclic lateral load. In the experimental research, the influences on the seismic behavior and the order of plastic hinge formation were discussed in detail by changing the footing height, axial compression ratio, number and length of anchored bars, and type of confining tube. All the specimens showed sufficient ductility and energy dissipation, without significant strength degradation. There is no obvious failure in the confined footing, while local buckling can be found in the critical section of the pier. It suggests that the footing provides satisfactory strength protection for the connection.

Key Words
concrete-filled steel tube; corrugated steel tube; pier-to-footing connection; seismic behavior; plastic hinges

Address
Xuanding Wang, Yue Liao, Jiepeng Liu and Xuhong Zhou:School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China

Ligui Yang:State Key Laboratory of Mountain Bridge and Tunnel Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China

Abstract
Research on interfacial crack formation in orthotropic bi-materials has experienced a notable increase in recent years, driven by growing concerns about structural integrity and reliability. The existence of a crack at the interface of bimaterials has a substantial impact on mechanical strength and can ultimately lead to fracture. The primary objective of this article is to introduce a comprehensive analytical model and establish stress relationships for investigating interfacial crack between two non-identical orthotropic materials with desired crack-fiber angles. In this paper, we present the application of the Interfacial Maximum Tangential Stress (IMTS) criterion, in combination with the Reinforcement Isotropic Solid (RIS) model, to investigate the behavior of interfacial cracks in orthotropic bi-materials under mixed-mode I/II loading conditions.We analytically characterize the stress state at the interfacial crack tip using both Stress Intensity Factors (SIFs) and the T-stress term. Orthotropic materials, due to their anisotropic nature, can exhibit complex crack tip stress fields, making it challenging to predict crack initiation behavior. The secondary objective of this study is to employ the IMTS criterion to predict the crack initiation angle and explore the notable impact of the T-stress term on fracture behavior. Furthermore, we validate the effectiveness of our approach in evaluating Fracture Limit Curves (FLCs) for interfacial cracks in orthotropic bi-materials by comparing our FLCs with relevant experimental data from existing literature.

Key Words
interfacial crack; maximum tangential stress; orthotropic materials; t-stress term

Address
Zahra Khaji and Mahdi Fakoor:Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

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