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CONTENTS
Volume 22, Number 2, August 2026
 

Abstract
Fiber-reinforced cementitious mortar (FRCM) offers superior performance compared to fiber-reinforced polymers by combining the structural compatibility of cementitious materials with the enhanced tensile strength and flexibility provided by fiber reinforcements. Consequently, FRCM has gained increasing attention as a strengthening and repair technique for reinforced concrete (RC) structures. This study presents an analytical investigation of the compressive strength of FRCM-confined concrete columns and proposes new empirical prediction models applicable to different FRCM systems. A comprehensive database comprising 421 experimental specimens with different cross sections was collected from the literature, including columns confined with glass, carbon, steel, polyparaphenylene benzobisoxazole (PBO), and basalt FRCM systems. The collected data were analysed using regression-based best-fit techniques and mean square error minimization to develop generalized strength prediction models. The modelling framework considered key confinement parameters, including the number of FRCM layers, fiber type, strain efficiency factor, lateral confinement pressure, and the compressive strength of unconfined concrete. The proposed models were subsequently validated through comparison with experimental results, existing analytical models, and relevant international design guidelines. The results indicate that the proposed models provide reliable predictions of the compressive strength of FRCM-confined concrete columns across a wide range of confinement systems and geometric configurations. Compared with existing formulations, the developed models demonstrated improved prediction accuracy while maintaining a simple form suitable for practical applications. The study contributes a generalized predictive framework based on one of the most comprehensive FRCM confinement databases reported to date, providing engineers with a practical tool for the design and assessment of FRCM-strengthened concrete columns.

Key Words
analytical model; compressive strength; concrete; confinement; fiber-reinforced cementitious mortar

Address
A.B.M.A. Kaish, S.M. Priok Rashid, Tay Chuan Jie, Shahrizan Baharom: Department of Civil Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Malaysia
Md Munir Hayet Khan: Faculty of Engineering & Quantity Surveying, INTI International University (INTI-IU), Persiaran Perdana BBN, Putra Nilai, Nilai, 71800, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

Abstract
This research uses an analytical approach to study the boundary layer flow of a dusty fluid across a stretching surface. For MHD flow across a stretching surface, the dusty fluid is utilized to determine the solution that works for a range of physical parameter values. To improve comprehension of the flow behavior, a few analytical observations based on the precise analytical solution are provided. Using the proper similarity transformations, the governing non-linear partial differential equations for the two-phase flow model are converted into self-similar ordinary differential equations. The coupled boundary value issue that results is then solved analytically, and an exact solution is obtained. A number of physical parameters such as suction, mass concentration and interaction parameter for velocity profiles of dust particles is observed. This solution works for all values of non-dimensional parameters that are characterized in transformed equations. Based on exact solution, some interesting analytical observations are given. The shooting technique is used for the numerical results of ordinary differential equations. The results are compared with the open literature that noted as an excellent agreement.

Key Words
dusty fluid; exact solution; MATLAB; non-linear partial differential equations; similarity transformations

Address
Waheed Iqbal: Department of Mathematics, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Muzamal Hussain: Department of Physical and Numerical Sciences, University of Rasul, 50400, Mandi Bahaudin, Punjab, Pakistan
Muhammad Mushtaq: Department of Mathematics, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
Khaled Mohamed Khedher: Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
Mudassar Jalil: Department of Mathematics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan
Rana Muhammad Akram Muntazir: Department of Mathematics, Lahore Leads University, Lahore, Pakistan

Abstract
Prefabrication is increasingly employed in bridge construction for its productivity, quality, and sustainability, and its success depends on the standardized management of data and models across the entire life cycle. While design for manufacturing and assembly (DfMA) has been combined with building information modeling (BIM) to address fabrication and assembly inaccuracies, such integration has often been confined to individual stages without connecting adjacent life-cycle phases or extending to maintenance. This study proposes a standard data and digital engineering model framework that links prefabricated bridge members from design through fabrication, assembly, and maintenance. Standard data defined from design calculations are mapped to rule-based digital model variables, so that inspection data acquired during fabrication and assembly are fed back for preassembly simulation. An as-built baseline model with member-level performance indicators is then established, through which maintenance-stage data can be returned to the design model. Applied to two highway bridges under construction, a DfMA-based design revision reduced the connector-pocket collision rate from 71.5% to 14.1% and shortened the average deck assembly delay from 8.7 to 3.8 d per span, providing a reliable baseline model for maintenance. The proposed approach extends DfMA-BIM integration into a life-cycle-wide data management framework for prefabricated PSC-I girder bridges.

Key Words
as-built; building information modeling (BIM); preassembly; prefabricated bridge; standard dat

Address
Gitae Roh, Donghyun Kang, Jaewook Park, Nguyen Duy Cuong, Changsu Shim: Department of Civil Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
Chi-Ho Jeon: Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology Department of Structural Engineering, Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang, 10223, Republic of Korea

Abstract
The construction industry is under increasing pressure to adopt sustainable construction materials that reduce environmental footprints while maintaining structural performance. This review explores the potential of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) and Granite Powder (GP) as partial replacements for cement or natural aggregates in concrete. GGBS, a byproduct of the steel industry, is known for its pozzolanic properties, which contribute to enhanced long-term strength and durability. GP is generated as a waste material from stone processing industries and offers potential as a fine aggregate replacement due to its filler effect and compatibility with cementitious systems. This paper compiles and critically analyzes the findings from the existing literature, focusing on mechanical properties such as compressive, split-tensile, and flexural strengths, along with workability, durability performance, and microstructural characteristics. Previous studies have indicated that the optimal replacement levels of GGBS and GP can significantly reduce cement and natural aggregate consumption without compromising concrete performance. This review highlights the potential of these materials for sustainable concrete production and encourages further research on their practical implementation in green construction.

Key Words
Granite Powder (GP); green concrete; Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS); mechanical properties; sustainable construction

Address
R. Ramya: Department of Civil Engineering, S.E.A College of Engineering and Technology, KR Puram 560049, Bangalore, India
G. ArunKumar: Department of Civil Engineering, Government College of Engineering, Salem 636011, Tamil Nadu, India
P. Jagadesh: Department of Civil Engineering, Coimbatore Institute of Technology, Coimbatore 641 014, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract
This study developed an improved reliability assessment method for reinforced concrete beams, with consideration for the effects of (i) pitting corrosion location, done by means of a one-dimensional signal processing tool called a wavelet transform (WT), (ii) the adverse impacts of the compressive deterioration of concrete cover and (iii) smooth transition from ductile to brittle behavior of steel rebars due to pitting corrosion. In the first stage of the proposed approach, the precise location of corrosion is identified by applying the WT to the structure's static deflection. Subsequently, the modified reliability process, employing Monte Carlo simulation, is used to ascertain the probability of failure. For this purpose, a reinforced concrete beam is modeled with different concrete covers and corrosion scenarios. Compared with the improved reliability method, the conventional approach may be nonconservative for failure probability under specific circumstances. For example, in a reinforced concrete beam subjected to low gravity loads and severe corrosion, the disparity may reach 35%.

Key Words
flexural capacity of reinforced concrete beams; Monte Carlo simulation; pitting corrosion; probability of failure; wavelet transform

Address
Mohammad Ghanooni-Bagha: Department of Civil Engineering, ET.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Seyed Mohamad Mahdi Yousefbeik: Department of Built Environment Engineering, School of Engineering, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
Amir Karimi: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, NJ, 07102, USA
Kourosh Nasrollahi: Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, Division of Dynamics/CHARMEC Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden

Abstract
Polyurea (PU) coating is a seamless membrane with excellent mechanical properties, widely used to mitigate blast loading damage. It also holds potential for enhancing the impact resistance of crash walls against automobile or train collisions, which involve comparatively lower strain rates than blast loads. This study focuses on investigating the static and impact behaviors of PU-coated reinforced concrete (RC) panels subjected to such loading conditions. A series of three-point bending tests and drop-weight tests were conducted, varying the PU coating thicknesses and drop heights. The static test results demonstrate that the PU coating effectively increases both the flexural strength and displacement capacity of the panels. Under drop-weight testing, the maximum deflection and residual deformation of the PU-coated RC panels were generally reduced compared to uncoated panels at identical impact energies. Consequently, the PU coating significantly improves the impact energy absorption performance of the structural members and effectively prevents concrete fragment scattering during impact events.

Key Words
drop-weight test; polyurea (PU) coated concrete panel; polyurea (PU) coating; static & impact behavior

Address
Kwangsoo Youm: GS Construction & Engineering, 33 Jong-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03159, Republic of Korea
Sukwon Ji: Department of Architecture, Induk University, Seoul, 01878, Republic of Korea
Jiho Moon: Department of Civil Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea

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