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CONTENTS
Volume 22, Number 1, July 2026
 

Abstract
Due to the excellent constraint on concrete, the multi-spiral stirrups were used to reinforce precast recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) beam-column joints. Considering the influence of RAC contents and construction methods, a total of six full-scale beam-column joints were designed. The seismic performance, including failure modes, hysteresis characteristics, skeleton curves, energy dissipation, ductility, and beam-column rotations; was discussed through cyclic loads, and the seismic behaviors of precast joints (JP) and cast-in-place joints (JC) were compared. The results showed that the lateral load decreased and the deformation increased when RAC content increased in JP and JC specimens, and these changes were more obvious at the peak load stage. The load capacity and the deformation capacity of JP specimens were reinforced by multi-spiral stirrups. In addition, the design code (GB50010-2010) was used to calculate the joint failure, and the results indicated that the experimental moment values of JC and JP joints were increased by 13.73% and 17.80%, respectively, compared to the designed moment. The capacities of precast RAC beam-column joints with multi-spiral stirrups were higher than those of JC specimens, indicating a sufficient safety margin.

Key Words
multi-spiral stirrups; precast joints; recycled concrete aggregate; seismic performance

Address
Xiaoping Wang: School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology,
Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Architecture and Engineering, Huangshan University, Huangshan 245041, China
Chao Wu: School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology,
Guangzhou 510006, China
Kaifeng Xing: School of Architecture and Engineering, Huangshan University, Huangshan 245041, China

Abstract
The growing demand for sustainable construction materials has spurred extensive research to reduce cement consumption while maintaining adequate mechanical performance and durability. In parallel, cementitious concrete operations in mining sites require analytics that can support worker protection and decision making under language, acoustic, environmental, and task variability. However, most speech emotion recognition studies rely on controlled datasets and provide limited evidence for multilingual transfer, high noise robustness, worker disjoint validation, and mining site generalization. This study proposes a constraint-based cementitious concrete analytics framework using multilingual Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) for mining site worker assessment and cross language generalizability performance. The Bayesian Optimized Speech Emotion Model for Site Speech Emotion Recognition (BOSEM SiteSER) combines acoustic representation learning, multilingual pretraining, transcript semantics, mining site context fusion, noise adaptation, language alignment, Bayesian optimization, and uncertainty calibration. A structured corpus was developed across eight language strata, 48 mining operation sites, 1,440 workers, 6,480 worker days, 4,320 audio hours, and 259,200 utterances. Inputs included lapel and helmet microphone speech, environmental sound, thermal context, task logs, concrete batch records, mining activity records, transcript semantics, and self-report anchors. Seven worker condition classes were modeled, including neutral alertness, task pressure, frustration, cognitive fatigue, heat strain risk, acute stress, and recovery. BOSEM SiteSER was benchmarked against acoustic, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), self-supervised speech, Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) encoder, and SER foundation baselines under worker disjoint, day disjoint, leave one language out, leave one site out, high noise, unseen cementitious concrete operation, and unseen mining operation protocols. Results showed macro F1 of 0.902, balanced accuracy of 0.915, Expected Calibration Error of 0.031, high risk false negative rate of 0.046, and cross language macro F1 of 0.872 with an average F1 reduction of 0.040. The neural SER model demonstrated high predictive accuracy and robust generalizability, highlighting its potential as a decision support tool for sustainable cementitious composite design.

Key Words
artificial neural network (ANN); cementitious concrete analytics; constraint based cementitious design; cross language generalizability; mining site; multilingual SER; worker condition assessment

Address
Sichen Pan: School of Computer Science and Technology, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, China
Jialing Li: Chongqing Youth Vocational & Technical College, Chongqing 401320, China
Refka Ghodhbani: Center for Scientific Research and Entrepreneurship, Northern Border University, Arar 73213, Saudi Arabia
Rania M. Ghoniem: Department of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
Raouf Feng Hassan: Department of Civil Engineering, Advanced Materials Research Group, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Malaysia; Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU),13318 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
José Escorcia-Gutierrez: Department of Computational Science and Electronics, Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect that varying proportions of slag and polyamide fibers have on the shear performance of reinforcing geopolymer concrete. For the purpose of accomplishing this goal, the performance of geopolymer concrete was evaluated by adjusting the ratios of slag to polyamide fiber and the percentage of replacement. Furthermore, it was investigated how to reinforce geopolymer concrete by combining ambient and oven curing techniques. The slag ratio was adjusted in various amounts, such as 5%, 10%, and 15%, to accomplish this aim. The polyamide fiber ratios, however, were determined to be 1%, 2%, and 3%, respectively. This aim was attained by creating a total of twelve distinct mixing proportion examples. The impact of altering the slag ratio while maintaining a constant polypropylene fiber ratio was examined in this study. When the slag ratio was increased by 15%, the load bearing capacities of R-C-Bs were directly improved by 21.85% and 10.28%, respectively, when they were cured in an oven and in an ambient environment. Furthermore, it was found that by increasing the ratio of polypropylene fibers by 1% during the ambient and oven curing processes, the load carrying capacity of R-C-B was significantly increased by 10.59% and 3.61%, respectively. The findings of the research demonstrated that the use of an oven curing technique to the concrete resulted in a considerable improvement in the reinforcing geopolymer concrete's ability to be strengthened. Furthermore, the experimental results obtained were compared with various design codes, including ACI-318, CEB-FIB, Eurocode, and the Iranian National Building Codes.

Key Words
ambient curing; oven curing; polyamide fibers; reinforcement geopolymer concrete; shear behavior; slag ratio

Address
Ali İhsan Çelik, Ufuk Tunç, Atahan Güven: Department of Construction, Tomarza Mustafa Akincioglu Vocational School, Kayseri University, Kayseri, 38940, Turkey
Memduh Karalar: Department of Civil Engineering, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
Yasin Onuralp Özkiliç: Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya 42000, Turkey; Department of Unique Buildings and Constructions Engineering, Don State Technical University,
Gagarin Sq. 1, 344003 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; Department of Technical Sciences, Western Caspian University, Baku, 1001, Azerbaijan

Abstract
This study investigates the individual and synergistic effects of fiber morphology (hooked-end vs. straight micro steel) and material type (steel vs. polypropylene) on the workability, and selected mechanical and durability properties of high-performance concrete (HPC). Five mix designs comprising mono- and hybrid-fiber blends were analyzed. Experimental results revealed a distinct trade-off between workability and reinforcement efficiency; notably, polypropylene (PP) fibers resulted in the largest reduction in slump flow (18%). In contrast, the inclusion of 2% hooked-end steel fibers (HF) maintained flowability comparable to that of the control mix without fibers. Mechanically, the 2% HF mixture exhibited superior performance, achieving a 28-day compressive strength of 101.65 MPa and enhancing flexural strength to 13.22 MPa, attributed to the enhanced mechanical anchorage of the HF. Conversely, the hybrid matrix including PP and straight micro steel fibers (SF) (0.1% PP+1% SF) exhibited a multiscale crack-control mechanism and a favorable flexural response despite the reduced steel-fiber content. Furthermore, water absorption and abrasion tests indicated that PP incorporation was most effective in minimizing wear loss, thereby improving selected durability-related indicators. These findings provide useful guidance for optimizing fiber dosage to balance fresh-state workability, mechanical performance, and selected durability-related indicators in HPC applications.

Key Words
compressive strength; fibers; flexural strength; HPC; hybrid fibers; polypropylene fibers; steel fibers

Address
Phuong H. Vu, An H. Le: SDCT Research Group, Ho Chi Minh City University of Transport, 02 Vo Oanh Street, Thanh My Tay Ward, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Abstract
Under the combined effects of heat and mechanical loading, the early shrinkage and microcracking of concrete with different non-calcined materials and aggregate types significantly affect its macroscopic properties. In this study, 12 types of concrete specimens were prepared, including three types of cement (Portland slag cement PSC, Portland fly ash cement PAC, and Portland composite cement PCC) and four types of aggregates (gravel, limestone, basalt, and granite) with a particle size range of 2-30 mm. The compressive and tensile strengths, shrinkage, and creep properties at different ages were systematically tested. Additionally, a numerical model that accounts for hydration heat and equivalent age was established to analyze the early thermal-mechanical behavior of concrete, and the influence of aggregate type on the hardening temperature, shrinkage strain, and creep development of concrete was predicted and analyzed. The results show that the compressive strength and shrinkage strain of concrete increase with the Langmuir function with the curing time (R2>0.90). Under the same cement type and age, the granite aggregate concrete exhibits the highest compressive and tensile strengths; the shrinkage and creep strain of gravel aggregate concrete are the largest, while the shrinkage strain of basalt aggregate concrete is the smallest, and the creep strain of granite aggregate concrete is the smallest. The performance indicators of limestone aggregate concrete are generally between those of gravel and basalt/hard granite. For example, the 28-day compressive strength is approximately 11.9% higher than that of gravel, and the ultimate shrinkage is approximately 7.9% to 23.7% lower than that of gravel. Compared with cement containing slag, cement containing fly ash can increase the ultimate compressive strength of concrete by 3.2% to 10.6%, but it also increases the early and later creep strains. The calculation results of the numerical model are in good agreement with the measured values in terms of trend and quantitative values. Considering the hardening temperature, shrinkage, and creep performance, basalt can be selected as the preferred aggregate for silicate fly ash cement concrete.

Key Words
concrete; creep; early-age; fly ash; hardening temperature; mineral aggregate; shrink; thermomechanical model

Address
Minmin Li, Xiaokun Sun, Mengfei Xu, Gaowei Yue: School of Civil Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China

Abstract
Concrete stands as a cornerstone in civil engineering infrastructure, offering resilience against dynamic loads. However, due to its inherent mechanical and behavioral traits, concrete often suffers post-construction and operational damages in the form of cracks. In areas marred by cracks, the traditional criteria of strength and allowable stress falter in interpreting stress concentrations near the crack tips. This predicament spurred the evolution of failure mechanics theory. In fracture mechanics, the conventional stress-strength comparison cedes ground to the assessment of stress intensity factor vis-à-vis toughness. Toughness, distinct from other mechanical attributes, is not merely an intrinsic quality but hinges on numerous geometric and physical variables. Its evaluation necessitates laboratorial analysis of samples. Amid these considerations, the compressive strength of concrete assumes significance-it is a universal trait known across all concrete structures and conveniently ascertainable post-construction via core tests. Of notable importance are ultra-high performance cement composites (UHPCC), an exceptional variant of concrete representing advanced materials. UHPCC has emerged as a beacon of promise for structural integrity within civil and military spheres. Its enduring popularity stems from heightened durability and strength relative to conventional concrete when subjected to dynamic loads. As such, a profound grasp of existing blast- and shock-resistant structures founded upon this material and their dynamic responses under such forces assumes critical importance. This article thoroughly explores the dynamic toughness intrinsic to UHPCC concrete. It delves into the mechanical properties, encompassing diverse fiber compositions and a spectrum of impact test methodologies. By conducting an exhaustive survey of previous scholarship in this domain, the paper highlights the available insights and contemplates the associated challenges.

Key Words
dynamic; failure mechanics; fracture toughness; impact; UHPCC concrete

Address
Shirin Jahanmiri, Majid Noorian-Bidgoli: Department of Mining Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran

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